Climate Change and Global Warming

S. SOLDATENKO has completed his PhD in Atmospheric Sciences from Aerospace Academy and Doctor of Sciences in Math and Physics from St. Petersburg University. He is a Senior Fellow of Saint Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Distinguished Professor of the Russian Federation. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.rnrnrn

Solar radiation management (SRM) by injection of aerosols into the stratosphere is one of the most promising solutions to decelerate the global warming and stabilize the Earth\'s climate. Implementing SRM project we aim to achieve the desired target temperature change in a certain final time, say in 2100, by manipulating the aerosol emission rates. However, the designing a control law (the aerosol emission rate as a function of time) remains so far an open issue. To handle the climate response uncertainties and then designing the scenarios for SRM the consideration of the Earth’s climate as a control system with feedbacks has been suggested previously. To carry out SRM projects and, therefore, to achieve the project goal various resources are required. Usually, considering climate as a control system, these resources are formulated in general terms and mathematically not subject to some constraints. Therefore, the obtained control may not be optimal in a certain sense, and it is not obvious that resources required to achieve the project goal can be allocated. In this talk, we move one-step forward introducing an optimal control theory-based method to designing SRM scenarios. By considering the Earth’s global climate as controlled system, we can approach the SRM from the perspective of optimal control theory. Within this framework, the goal of SRM can be formulated in terms of extremal problem, which entails finding control parameters and the corresponding state of climate system that minimize or maximize a certain objective function subject to a number of constraints. Illustrative results are calculated for the period of 2020-2100 for which the total radiative forcing was specified based on the Representative Concentration Pathways. The obtained optimal solutions can serve as a basis for developing SRM scenarios to simulate and predict the consequences of climate engineering operations using general circulation models.rnrn

Engineer and Adjunct Professor, Marcelo Gaspar holds a Master and a PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering completed at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Currently he focuses his research efforts on Sustainability and Product Development, as well as on Engineering Education.

The Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB) has six schools that cover a wide range of scientific and technical disciplines, including Renewable Energy Engineering. This Portuguese Higher Education (HE) Institution aims at training professionals with applied technical-scientific skills and to promote its integration into the scientific and technological community. IPCB researchers and lecturers work and collaborate with other institutions through the participation in many national and international R&D projects and consortia. One of such partnerships is the CENEA project. This Erasmus+ Project Proposal for a Strategic Partnership in a Collaborative European Network for Energy Awareness (CENEA) aims to increase the awareness of energy issues and to offer a transnational view of target groups in partner countries. The project goal is to have a positive and long-lasting impact on the project participants, as well as on their background organizations and other target groups, as it is linked to educational policy goals at national and European levels.\r\nLocated in the centre of Portugal, the IPCB is surrounded by various different Renewable Energy Harvesting Sources - namely Solar, Bioenergy, Wind and Hydro – undertaking regular studies in these different domains. As a result of regular close cooperation with local companies - that either use or generate renewable energy and related solutions in their processes - the IPCB has been a privileged partner to carry-out the applied research projects and internships in such companies, involving IPCB students, teaching staff and researchers. Lecturing a wide range of engineering degrees and short cycle courses, namely Renewable Energy and Industrial Engineering, as well as Short Cycle courses in Renewable Energy, the IPCB is a reference Portuguese HE Institution with a large portfolio of technical and scientific publications on national and international journals and conferences that serve as a dedicated background for the participation on the CENEA Project.\r\n\r\n\r\nKeywords — Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Renewable Energy, Erasmus+ Project, CENEA.\r\n